Tizigawo ta tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta nano timakulitsa kwambiri mphamvu ya utoto woteteza, zokutira, zoyambira ndi phula zachitsulo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma graphene nanosheets kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndi malo atsopano koma omwe akukula mwachangu pamsika wa utoto.
Ngakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo muzinthu zoteteza zitsulo ndikwatsopano-kungogulitsidwa m'zaka zingapo zapitazi-graphene nanosheets (NNPs) zatsimikiziridwa kuti zimakhudza kwambiri katundu wa zoyamba, zokutira, utoto, phula, ngakhale mafuta.Ngakhale kuti chiwongolero chowongolera chiwongolero chimasiyana kuchokera pa magawo khumi mpaka ochepa peresenti, kuwonjezera kolondola kwa GNP kudzakhala chowonjezera chamagulu ambiri chomwe chingatalikitse moyo wautumiki ndi kulimba kwa zokutira, kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwa mankhwala, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kwa okosijeni ndi abrasion. kukaniza.;ngakhale kumathandiza pamwamba kuchotsa mosavuta madzi ndi dothi.Kuphatikiza apo, ma GNPs nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati ma synergists, kuthandiza othandizira ena kuti azigwira ntchito bwino pazigawo zotsika popanda kudzipereka.Ma graphene nanosheets amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale pamalonda pazinthu zoteteza zitsulo kuyambira zosindikizira zamagalimoto, zopopera ndi phula mpaka zoyambira ndi utoto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga ma automaker, makontrakitala omanga komanso ogula.Ntchito zambiri (monga zowononga zowononga zam'madzi / zoletsa kuwononga ndi utoto) zimanenedwa kuti zili kumapeto kwa kuyesa ndipo zikuyembekezeka kugulitsidwa zaka zingapo zikubwerazi.
Ofufuza ku yunivesite ya Manchester (Manchester, UK) anali oyamba kudzipatula graphene imodzi mu 2004, yomwe adapatsidwa mphoto ya Nobel mu Physics ya 2010.Ma graphene nanosheets - mawonekedwe amitundu yambiri a graphene omwe amapezeka kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana okhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana a tinthu ndi makulidwe apakatikati - ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa 2D wa kaboni.Mofanana ndi ma nanoparticles ena, kuthekera kwa GNPs kusintha ndi kukonza zinthu za macroscopic monga mafilimu a polima, pulasitiki / zigawo zamagulu, zokutira, ngakhale konkire ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi kukula kwawo kakang'ono.Mwachitsanzo, geometry yosalala, yotakata koma yopyapyala ya zowonjezera za GNP zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kuti azitha kubisala bwino popanda kuwonjezera makulidwe awo.Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuchita bwino kwawo pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza kuti zokutira zocheperako zimafunikira kapena zokutira zocheperako zitha kuyikidwa.Zinthu za GNP zilinso ndi malo okwera kwambiri (2600 m2 / g).Akabalalitsidwa bwino, amatha kusintha kwambiri zotchinga za zokutira ku mankhwala kapena mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo chitetezeke ku dzimbiri ndi okosijeni.Komanso, kuchokera ku tribological mfundo, ali otsika kwambiri kukameta ubweya padziko, zomwe zimathandiza kuti bwino kuvala kukana ndi kuzembera koyefithira, amene amathandiza kupereka ❖ kuyanika bwino zikande kukana ndi kuthamangitsa dothi, madzi, tizilombo, algae, etc. Poganizira izi. katundu, ndikosavuta kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake ngakhale zowonjezera zazing'ono za GNP zitha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri pakuwongolera zinthu zambiri zomwe makampani amagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse.
Ngakhale iwo, monga ma nanoparticles ena, ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu, kudzipatula ndi kufalitsa ma graphene nanosheets mu mawonekedwe omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi opanga utoto kapena ngakhale opanga mapulasitiki sikophweka.Kuchotsa magulu akuluakulu a nanoparticles kuti abalalitsidwe bwino (ndi kubalalitsidwa muzinthu zokhazikika pashelufu) kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu mapulasitiki, mafilimu, ndi zokutira kwatsimikizira kuti ndizovuta.
Makampani amalonda a GNP nthawi zambiri amapereka ma morphologies osiyanasiyana (osanjikiza amodzi, osanjikiza angapo, ma diameter osiyanasiyana ndipo, nthawi zina, ndi magwiridwe antchito amankhwala) ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana (ufa wowuma ndi madzi [zosungunulira, zotengera madzi kapena utomoni) based] dispersions kwa machitidwe osiyanasiyana a polima).Opanga otsogola kwambiri pazamalonda adati adagwira ntchito limodzi ndi opanga utoto kuti apeze kuphatikiza kwabwino kwambiri kwazinthu pamiyezo yabwino kwambiri ya dilution kuti apititse patsogolo mtundu wa utoto popanda kuwononga zinthu zina zofunika.Pansipa pali makampani ena omwe angakambirane za ntchito yawo pankhani ya zokutira zoteteza zitsulo.
Zogulitsa zamagalimoto zinali imodzi mwazinthu zoyamba komanso zofunikira kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito graphene pamakampani opanga utoto.Chithunzi: Surf Protection Solutions LLC
Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito malonda azinthu zoteteza zitsulo za graphene chinali mu trim yamagalimoto.Kaya amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumadzi, aerosol, kapena kupanga sera, zinthu zosamalira bwino zamagalimotozi zitha kuyikidwa mwachindunji papenti yamagalimoto kapena chrome, kukonza gloss ndi kuya kwa chithunzi (DOI), kupangitsa magalimoto kukhala osavuta kuyeretsa, ndikusunga zoyeretsa ndi kukulitsa katundu.chitetezo ndichopambana kwambiri kuposa zinthu wamba.Zogulitsa zowonjezera za GNP, zina zomwe zimagulitsidwa mwachindunji kwa ogula ndipo zina zimagulitsidwa ku salons zokongola zokha, zimapikisana ndi zinthu za ceramic (osayidi) (zokhala ndi silika, titanium dioxide, kapena zosakaniza zonse ziwiri).Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi GNP zimakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso okwera mtengo chifukwa zimapereka maubwino angapo omwe zokutira za ceramic sizingapereke.Graphene's high matenthedwe conductivity bwino dissipate kutentha - phindu kwa mankhwala ntchito hoods ndi mawilo - ndi mkulu madutsidwe magetsi dissipates ma charger ma static, kupangitsa kuti fumbi kumamatira kovuta.Ndi mbali yayikulu yolumikizirana (madigiri 125), zokutira za GNP zimayenda mwachangu komanso moyenera, kuchepetsa mawanga amadzi.Zinthu zabwino kwambiri zonyezimira komanso zotchinga zimateteza bwino utotowo kuti usachuluke, kuwala kwa UV, mankhwala, makutidwe ndi okosijeni komanso kupindika.Kuwonekera kwapamwamba kumalola zinthu zochokera ku GNP kuti zisunge zonyezimira, zowoneka bwino zomwe zimatchuka kwambiri m'gawoli.
Surface Protective Solutions LLC (SPS) yaku Grafton, Wisconsin, wopanga zopanga zolimba kwambiri pamsika uno, amagulitsa zokutira zosungunulira za graphene zomwe zimatha kwa zaka zambiri ndikugulitsa utoto wopangidwa ndi madzi opangidwa ndi graphene.Seramu yogwira mwachangu yomwe imatha miyezi ingapo.Zogulitsa zonse ziwirizi zikupezeka kwa akatswiri odziwa zamatsenga komanso ovomerezeka, ngakhale pali mapulani opereka zodzoladzola ndi zinthu zina zapambuyo mwachindunji kwa ogula posachedwa.Mapulogalamu omwe amatsata amaphatikizapo magalimoto, magalimoto, ndi njinga zamoto, ndi zinthu zina zomwe akuti zatsala pang'ono kugulitsidwa m'nyumba ndi mabwato.(SPS imaperekanso mankhwala a antimony/tin oxide omwe amapereka chitetezo cha UV pamwamba.)
“Miyala yachikhalidwe ya carnauba ndi zosindikizira zimatha kuteteza malo opakidwa milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi,” akufotokoza motero Purezidenti wa SPS Brett Welsien."Zovala za ceramic, zomwe zidayambitsidwa pamsika chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 2000, zimapanga mgwirizano wamphamvu ku gawo lapansi ndikupereka zaka za UV ndi kukana mankhwala, malo odziyeretsa okha, kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kusunga bwino kwa gloss.Komabe, kufooka kwawo ndi madontho a madzi.utoto pamwamba ndi smudges pamwamba kuti mayesero athu asonyeza kuti chifukwa cha kutentha kutentha kusamutsidwa Mofulumira 2015 pamene kafukufuku graphene monga chowonjezera anayamba popanga zinthu zamakampani potengera GNP, ofufuza adapeza kuti madontho amadzi ndi madontho apansi (chifukwa chokhudzana ndi zitosi za mbalame, kuyamwa kwamitengo, tizilombo ndi mankhwala owopsa) adachepetsedwa ndi 50%, komanso kukana kwamphamvu kwa abrasion. kumunsi kwa coefficient ya kukangana.
Applied Graphene Materials plc (AGM, Redcar, UK) ndi kampani yomwe imapereka ma GNP dispersions kwa makasitomala angapo omwe amapanga zinthu zosamalira magalimoto.Wopanga ma graphene wazaka 11 amadzifotokoza ngati mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse lapansi pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma GNP dispersions mu zokutira, zophatikizika ndi zida zogwirira ntchito.M'malo mwake, AGM ikunena kuti makampani opanga utoto ndi zokutira pakali pano amawerengera 80% ya bizinesi yake, mwina chifukwa mamembala ambiri a gulu lake laukadaulo amachokera kumakampani opanga utoto ndi zokutira, zomwe zimathandiza AGM kumvetsetsa zowawa za ophatikiza awiriwa ndipo pamapeto pake , ogwiritsa..
Halo Autocare Ltd. (Stockport, UK) imagwiritsa ntchito kupezeka kwa AGM ya Genable GNP muzinthu ziwiri zosamalira galimoto za EZ.Yotulutsidwa mu 2020, sera ya graphene ya mapanelo amthupi imaphatikiza sera ya T1 carnauba, sera ya njuchi, ndi mafuta a mtedza wa zipatso ndi ma polima, zonyowetsa, ndi GNP kuti asinthe machitidwe amadzi apamadzi ndikupereka chitetezo chanthawi yayitali, mikanda yabwino kwambiri yamadzi ndi makanema, kusonkhanitsa dothi pang'ono, yosavuta kuyeretsa, imachotsa zitosi za mbalame ndipo imachepetsa kwambiri madontho amadzi.Graphene Alloy Wheel Wax ili ndi zonsezi, koma imapangidwira kutentha kwambiri, kuwonjezereka kwa magudumu ndi nsonga zowonongeka.GNP imawonjezedwa pamunsi pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa microcrystalline waxes, mafuta opangira, ma polima ndi machitidwe ochiritsira a utomoni.Halo akuti kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito, mankhwalawa amateteza mawilo kwa miyezi 4-6.
James Briggs Ltd. (Salmon Fields, UK), yomwe imadzitcha kuti ndi imodzi mwa makampani akuluakulu a mankhwala apakhomo ku Ulaya, ndi kasitomala wina wa AGM yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito GNP dispersions kuti apange Hycote graphene anti-corrosion primer.Kupopera kwa aerosol kopanda zinki kumamatira bwino kwambiri kuzitsulo ndi mapulasitiki ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu monga masitolo ogulitsa katundu ndi ogula kuyimitsa kapena kupewa dzimbiri zazitsulo ndikukonzekera malo omwewo kuti azipaka utoto ndi zokutira.The primer imapereka maola opitilira 1750 oteteza dzimbiri malinga ndi ASTM G-85, Zowonjezera 5, komanso zotchinga zabwino kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha popanda kusweka mu mayeso a cone (ASTM D-522).moyo woyamba.AGM idati idagwira ntchito limodzi ndi makasitomala panthawi yopanga mapangidwe kuti achulukitse katundu wowonjezera ndikuchepetsa kuwononga mtengo wazinthu.
Chiwerengero ndi mitundu ya GNP-yowonjezera katundu wosamalira magalimoto pamsika ikukula mwachangu.M'malo mwake, kukhalapo kwa graphene kumawonedwa ngati phindu lalikulu la magwiridwe antchito ndipo kumawonekera pa tchati chazinthu.| |James Briggs Ltd. (kumanzere), Halo Autocare Ltd. (pamwamba kumanja) ndi Surface Protective Solutions LLCSurface Protective Solutions LLC (pansi kumanja)
Zovala zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri ndi gawo lomwe likukulirakulira kwa GNP, pomwe ma nanoparticles amatha kukulitsa nthawi yokonza, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri, kukulitsa chitetezo cha chitsimikizo, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendetsera katundu.| |Malingaliro a kampani Hershey Coatings Co., Ltd.
Ma GNP akugwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira mu zokutira zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri ndi zoyambira m'malo ovuta (C3-C5).Adrian Potts, CEO wa AGM, adalongosola kuti: "Ikaphatikizidwa bwino mu zokutira zosungunulira kapena zokhala ndi madzi, graphene imatha kupereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri zoletsa dzimbiri ndikuwongolera kuwononga dzimbiri."kukhudzika kwake potalikitsa moyo wa katundu, kuchepetsa kuchulukira ndi mtengo wa kukonza katundu, ndi zinthu zochokera m'madzi kapena zinthu zomwe zili ndi zowonjezera zapoizoni monga zinki sizikufunikanso kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito.gawo lolunjika komanso mwayi pazaka zisanu zikubwerazi.“Zimbiri ndizovuta kwambiri, dzimbiri si nkhani yosangalatsa chifukwa ikuyimira kuwonongeka kwa katundu wa kasitomala, ndivuto lalikulu,” adatero.
Makasitomala a AGM omwe adakhazikitsa bwino makina opopera aerosol ndi Halfords Ltd. yomwe ili ku Washington, UK, wogulitsa wamkulu waku Britain ndi waku Ireland wa zida zamagalimoto, zida, zida zakumisasa ndi njinga.Kampani ya graphene anti-corrosion primer ndi yopanda zinki, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe.Akuti amamatira bwino kwambiri pazitsulo zokhala ndi chitsulo chochepa, aluminiyamu ndi Zintec, amadzaza zofooka zazing'ono ndikuwuma pakadutsa mphindi 3-4 mpaka kumapeto kwa matte pamphindi 20 zokha.Idadutsanso maola 1,750 akupopera mchere ndikuyesa kondomu popanda kusweka.Malinga ndi Halfords, choyambira chimakhala ndi kukana bwino kwa sag, chimalola kuya kwakuya kwambiri, ndipo chimapereka zotchinga zabwino kwambiri kuti ziwonjezere moyo wa zokutira.Kuphatikiza apo, primer imagwirizana kwambiri ndi utoto waposachedwa wa utoto wamadzi.
Alltimes Coatings Ltd. wochokera ku Stroud, UK, katswiri woteteza dzimbiri padenga lachitsulo, amagwiritsa ntchito ma AGM dispersions mu Advantage Graphene liquid systems denga la nyumba za mafakitale ndi zamalonda.Chogulitsacho chimawonjezera kulemera kochepa kwa denga, ndi nyengo ndi UV kugonjetsedwa, opanda zosungunulira, zosasinthika organic mankhwala (VOCs) ndi isocyanates.Chigawo chimodzi chokha chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda wokonzedwa bwino, dongosololi limakhala ndi mphamvu yotsutsa komanso kusungunuka kwakukulu, kuwonjezereka kwabwino kwambiri ndipo palibe kuchepa pambuyo pochiritsa.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha kwa 3-60 ° C / 37-140 ° F ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito.Kuphatikizika kwa graphene kumathandizira kwambiri kukana dzimbiri, ndipo mankhwalawa adutsa mayeso opopera osalowerera amchere a maola 10,000 (ISO9227:2017), kukulitsa moyo wachitetezo cha Autotech kuchokera pazaka 20 mpaka 30.Ngakhale kupanga chotchinga chothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi madzi, mpweya ndi mchere, zokutira za microporous zimatha kupuma.Pofuna kuwongolera luso lazomangamanga, Alltimes yapanga maphunziro adongosolo a Continuing Professional Development (CPD).
Blocksil Ltd. wochokera ku Lichfield, UK, akudzifotokoza kuti ndi kampani yopambana mphoto yomwe imapereka mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu ndi njira zopulumutsira ntchito kwa makasitomala m'makampani oyendetsa galimoto, njanji, zomangamanga, zamagetsi, zam'madzi ndi zamlengalenga.Blocksil adagwira ntchito limodzi ndi AGM kuti apange mbadwo watsopano wa zokutira zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri za MT zokhala ndi graphene-reinforced top layer for chitsulo chomangira m'malo otseguka komanso owononga.Zopezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, VOC ndi zosungunulira zopanda zosungunulira, makina ovala malaya amodzi amalimbana kwambiri ndi chinyezi ndipo apitilira maola 11,800 akuyesa kupopera mchere wosalowerera ndale kwa 50% kulimba kuposa zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu.Poyerekeza, Blocksil akuti unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) nthawi zambiri imakhala maola 500 pamayesowa, pomwe utoto wa epoxy umatenga maola 250-300.Kampaniyo imanenanso kuti utoto ukhoza kupakidwa pazitsulo zonyowa pang'ono ndipo umalepheretsa kulowa m'madzi posakhalitsa.Imafotokozedwa ngati yosagwira pamwamba, imachita dzimbiri malinga ngati zinyalala zotayirira zachotsedwa ndikuchiritsa popanda kutentha kwakunja kotero kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumunda.Chophimbacho chimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yogwiritsira ntchito kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 60 ° C / 32-140 ° F ndipo yadutsa mayesero amoto (BS476-3: 2004, CEN / TS1187: 2012-Test 4 (kuphatikizapo EN13501-5: 2016-test 4). 4)) ndizosagwirizana ndi graffiti ndipo zili ndi UV komanso kukana kwanyengo.Zotchingirazo akuti zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasinthidwe oyambira ku RTÉ (Raidió Teilifís Éireann, Dublin, Ireland) komanso pamasetilaiti olumikizirana ku Avanti Communications Group plc (London) komanso njanji za njanji zogawanika ndi zofananira (SSP), komwe zidadutsa EN45545 -2:2013, R7 mpaka HL3.
Kampani ina yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zokutira zolimbitsa thupi za GNP kuteteza zitsulo ndi makampani opanga magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi a Martinrea International Inc. (Toronto), omwe amagwiritsa ntchito graphene-reinforced polyamide (PA, yomwe imatchedwanso nayiloni) magalimoto onyamula anthu okhala ndi nayiloni.(Chifukwa cha zinthu zabwino za thermoplastic, wogulitsa ku Montreal GNP NanoXplore Inc. anapatsa Martinrea ndi zokutira zonse za GNP/PA.) Mankhwalawa amanenedwa kuti amachepetsa kulemera kwa 25 peresenti ndikupereka chitetezo chapamwamba cha kuvala, kulimbikitsa mphamvu zapamwamba, ndi mankhwala opangidwa bwino. chitetezo.kukana sikufuna kusintha kwa zida zomwe zilipo kale kapena njira.Martinrea adawona kuti kuwongolera bwino kwa zokutira kumatha kukulitsa ntchito yake kuzinthu zambiri zamagalimoto, makamaka zamagalimoto amagetsi.
Pomaliza mayeso ambiri a nthawi yayitali, chitetezo cha dzimbiri panyanja ndi anti-fouling zitha kukhala ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa GNP.Graphene additive Talga Group Ltd. ikuyesedwa m'nyanja zenizeni pazombo ziwiri zazikulu.Mmodzi mwa zombozo anali atangomaliza kuyendera kwa miyezi 15 ndipo zinanenedwa kuti zigawo zomwe zidakutidwa ndi GNP reinforced primer zikuwonetsa zotsatira zofananira kapena zabwinoko kuposa zitsanzo zoyambirira popanda kulimbitsa, zomwe zidawonetsa kale zizindikiro za dzimbiri.| |Malingaliro a kampani Targa Group Co., Ltd.
Opanga utoto ambiri ndi opanga ma graphene akhala akugwira ntchito molimbika popanga zokutira zothana ndi dzimbiri/zoletsa kuipitsidwa kwa mafakitale apanyanja.Potengera kuyezetsa kwakukulu komanso kwanthawi yayitali komwe kumafunikira kuti avomerezedwe m'derali, makampani ambiri omwe tidawafunsa adawonetsa kuti malonda awo akadali mugawo loyesa ndikuwunika komanso mapangano osawululira (NDAs) amawalepheretsa kukambirana za ntchito yawo. munda.lililonse linanena kuti zoyesa zomwe zachitika mpaka pano zawonetsa phindu lalikulu pakuphatikiza GNP mumayendedwe apanyanja.
Kampani imodzi yomwe sinathe kufotokoza zambiri za ntchito yake ndi 2D Materials Pte ya ku Singapore.Ltd., yomwe idayamba kupanga GNP pamlingo wa labotale mu 2017 komanso mulingo wamalonda chaka chatha.Zogulitsa zake za graphene zidapangidwira makampani opanga utoto, ndipo kampaniyo idati yakhala ikugwira ntchito ndi awiri mwaogulitsa akuluakulu apanyanja odana ndi corrosion kuyambira 2019 kuti apange utoto ndi zokutira zagawoli.2D Materials adanenanso kuti ikugwira ntchito ndi kampani yaikulu yazitsulo kuti ikhale ndi graphene mu mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza zitsulo panthawi yotumiza ndi kusunga.Malinga ndi a Chwang Chie Fu, katswiri wogwiritsa ntchito zida za 2D, "graphene imakhudza kwambiri zokutira zogwirira ntchito."“Mwachitsanzo, zotchingira zoletsa dzimbiri m’makampani apanyanja, zinki ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri.Graphene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa kapena kusintha nthaka mu zokutira izi.Kuwonjezera ma graphene ochepera 2% kumatha kukulitsa moyo wa zokutira izi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokopa kwambiri zomwe zimakhala zovuta kukana. ”
Talga Group Ltd. (Perth, Australia), kampani ya batri ya anode ndi graphene yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2010, idalengeza koyambirira kwa chaka chino kuti chowonjezera chake cha Talcoat graphene cha zoyambira zawonetsa zotsatira zabwino pamayesero enieni apanyanja padziko lapansi.Zowonjezerazo zimapangidwira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mu zokutira zam'madzi kuti zithandizire kuti zisawonongeke, zichepetse kuwonongeka kwa utoto m'zachilengedwe zam'madzi ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito powonjezera nthawi yowuma.Chodziwika bwino, chowonjezera chowuma chowumachi chikhoza kuphatikizidwa mu zokutira mu situ, zomwe zimayimira chitukuko chachikulu cha malonda a GNP, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ngati zosakaniza zamadzimadzi kuti zitsimikizire kusakaniza bwino.
Mu 2019, chowonjezeracho chidapangidwa ndi mapaketi awiri a epoxy primer kuchokera kwa wopanga zokutira wotsogola ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pachombo cha zombo zazikulu za 700m²/7535ft² ngati gawo loyesera panyanja kuti aunikire momwe zokutirazo zimagwirira ntchito m'malo ovuta kwambiri am'madzi.(Kuti apereke chidziŵitso cholondola, choyambira chodziwika bwino chinagwiritsidwa ntchito kwina kulikonse kusiyanitsa chinthu chilichonse. Zoyambira zonse ziwirizo zidakutidwa pamwamba.) Panthawiyo, kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku kunkaonedwa kuti ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma graphene padziko lonse lapansi.Chombocho chinayang'aniridwa kwa miyezi 15 ndipo zigawo zomwe zidakutidwa ndi GNP kulimbikitsa zoyambira zimanenedwa kuti zimagwira ntchito yofananira kapena bwino kuposa yoyambira popanda kulimbitsa, zomwe zidawonetsa kale zizindikiro za dzimbiri.Chiyeso chachiwiri chinali choti wopaka utoto asakanize chowonjezera cha ufa cha GNP pamalopo ndi utoto wina wa paketi ziwiri wa epoxy kuchokera kwa wopanga utoto wina wotsogola ndikuupopera pagawo lalikulu la chidebe chachikulu.Milandu iwiri ikupitirirabe.Talga adanenanso kuti zoletsa zoyendera maulendo okhudzana ndi mliri zikupitilirabe kukhudza maulendo apadziko lonse lapansi, kuchedwetsa nkhani za momwe kufalikira kumagwirira ntchito pa sitima yachiwiri.Polimbikitsidwa ndi zotsatirazi, Talga akuti ikupanga zokutira za m'madzi zoletsa kuipitsidwa, zotchingira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zachitsulo ndi pulasitiki, zotchingira zoteteza ku dzimbiri pazigawo zazitsulo zazikuluzikulu, ndi zokutira zotchinga zopaka pulasitiki.
Ntchito yachitukuko ya GNP yomwe idalengezedwa mu Marichi ndi Advanced Materials Research Laboratory Toray Industries, Inc. (Tokyo), idakopa chidwi cha opanga mapangidwe opangira ❖, kuphatikizapo kupanga ultrafine dispersion graphene solution, yomwe akuti ikuwonetsa fluidity kwambiri.High conductivity kuphatikiza mkulu magetsi ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe.Chinsinsi cha chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito wapadera (wosadziwika) polima amene amati kulamulira mamasukidwe akayendedwe poletsa aggregation wa graphene nanosheets, potero kuthetsa vuto yaitali kulenga kwambiri anaikira GNP dispersions.
Poyerekeza ndi ochiritsira GNP dispersions, Toray latsopano mkulu-fluidity mankhwala, amene ali ndi polima wapadera kuti amalamulira mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi kupewa graphene nanoparticle aggregation, umapanga kwambiri anaikira, kopitilira muyeso-zabwino GNP dispersions ndi mkulu matenthedwe ndi magetsi madutsidwe ndi kuchuluka fluidity kuti mosavuta akugwira ndi kusakaniza.| |Malingaliro a kampani Torey Industries Co., Ltd.
Wofufuza wina wa Toray, Eiichiro Tamaki, anati: "Ma graphene ocheperako amakhala ophatikizana mosavuta, zomwe zimachepetsa madzimadzi ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophatikizika."Kuti mupewe vuto lomamatira, ma nanoplates nthawi zambiri amachepetsedwa m'njira yotsika kwambiri.Komabe, izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukhazikika mokwanira kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino graphene. ”Kubalalika kopitilira muyeso kwa GNP komanso kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi kuti muzitha kugwira bwino komanso kuphatikiza.Poyamba akuti amagwiritsa ntchito mabatire, makina osindikizira, ndi zokutira kuti madzi ndi oxygen zisalowe.Kampaniyo yakhala ikufufuza ndikupanga graphene kwa zaka 10 ndipo imati yapanga ukadaulo wobalalika kuti graphene ikhale yotsika mtengo.Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti polima yapadera imakhudza ma nanosheets okha komanso sing'anga yobalalika, Tamaki adanenanso, ponena kuti imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ndi zosungunulira za polar.
Poganizira zabwino zonse zomwe GNP imapereka, sizodabwitsa kuti ma patent opitilira 2,300 okhudzana ndi GNP aperekedwa kwa mabizinesi ndi maphunziro.Akatswiri amalosera kukula kwakukulu kwa teknolojiyi, ponena kuti idzakhudza mafakitale oposa 45, kuphatikizapo utoto ndi zokutira.Zinthu zingapo zofunika zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula zimachotsedwa.Choyamba, kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe, thanzi ndi chitetezo (EHS) kungakhale vuto kwa ma nanoparticles atsopano monga chivomerezo chovomerezeka (monga dongosolo la European Union la REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) limachepetsedwa.Kuphatikiza apo, angapo ogulitsa adayesa mozama zida zolimbikitsira za GNP kuti amvetsetse bwino zomwe zimachitika pakapopera mankhwala.Opanga ma graphene amafulumira kunena kuti chifukwa GNP imapangidwa kuchokera ku mineral graphite yomwe imapezeka mwachilengedwe, njira yawo ndiyotetezeka kwambiri zachilengedwe kuposa zowonjezera zina zambiri.Vuto lachiwiri ndikupeza zokwanira pamtengo wotsika mtengo, koma izi zikuyankhidwanso pamene opanga akukulitsa machitidwe awo opanga.
"Cholepheretsa chachikulu pakuyambitsa graphene m'makampani chinali kupanga kwa opanga ma graphene, kuphatikiza kukwera mtengo kwazinthu zakale," akufotokoza Tarek Jalloul wa Lead Carbon Technologies, projekiti yaukadaulo ya NanoXplore."Zopinga ziwirizi zikuthetsedwa ndipo zinthu zowonjezera ma graphene zikulowa mu gawo lazamalonda pomwe kusiyana kwa mphamvu ndi mitengo kukucheperachepera.Mwachitsanzo, kampani yanga inakhazikitsidwa mu 2011 ndipo tsopano ikhoza kupanga 4,000 t / t pachaka, malinga ndi IDTechEx Research (Boston), ndife opanga ma graphene akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi.Malo athu atsopano opangira zinthu ndi okhazikika ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe osinthika omwe amatha kufananizidwa mosavuta ngati kukulitsa kuli kofunika.Cholepheretsa china chachikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale a graphene ndikusowa kovomerezeka, koma izi zikuchitika tsopano. ”
"Zinthu zoperekedwa ndi graphene zitha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pamakampani opanga utoto ndi zokutira," akuwonjezera Velzin."Ngakhale kuti graphene ili ndi mtengo wokwera pa gramu iliyonse kuposa zowonjezera zina, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono ndipo imapereka zabwino zomwe mtengo wake wautali ndi wotsika mtengo.kupanga graphene ?zopaka?
"Zinthu izi zimagwira ntchito ndipo titha kuwonetsa kuti ndizabwino kwambiri," adatero Potts."Kuwonjezera graphene ku Chinsinsi, ngakhale pang'ono kwambiri, kumatha kubweretsa kusintha."
Peggy Malnati is a regular contributor to PF’s sister publications CompositesWorld and MoldMaking Technology magazines and maintains contact with clients through her regional office in Detroit. pmalnati@garpub.com
Masking amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsulo zambiri zomaliza zitsulo pomwe madera ena okha a pamwamba pa gawolo ayenera kukonzedwa.M'malo mwake, masking angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamalo pomwe chithandizo sichikufunika kapena kuyenera kupewedwa.Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zambiri za zitsulo zomaliza masking, kuphatikizapo ntchito, njira, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masking omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-28-2022